Kuangshi (Leo) Ai

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame

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247 Fitzpatrick Hall

Notre Dame, IN 46556

Hi there👋! I’m Kuangshi Ai, a second-year Ph.D. student in Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Notre Dame, working with Prof. Chaoli Wang in the ND-VIS Lab. I received my bachelor’s degree in Artificial Intelligence from Fudan University in July 2024. During undergrad, I spent a semester as an exchange student at the University of Sydney and conducted summer research with Prof. Toby Li at Notre Dame.

My research interests lie at the intersection of scientific visualization, human-computer interaction, and natural language processing. I develop multimodal, agentic LLM systems that make complex visualization and 3D/4D data interaction more intuitive, expressive, and accessible to broader audiences. My current work also involves evaluating LLM agents for SciVis by building benchmarks that assess their capabilities and interaction behaviors.

More broadly, I’m excited about HCI + VIS + AI, focusing on multimodal agent interfaces, 3D interaction and authoring, agentic workflows, and mixed-initiative visualization systems.

In summer 2026, I will join TikTok in San Jose as a Machine Learning Scientist Intern, working with Yu Wang.

If you’re interested in my work or would like to collaborate, feel free to reach out at kai[at]nd[dot]edu.

news

Jan 28, 2026 🚀 Calling for Collaborators: SciVisAgentBench!
I’m launching an open collaboration effort for SciVisAgentBench, a benchmark designed to evaluate LLM agents in scientific visualization. 🔗 Learn more or contribute through our project page.
Aug 03, 2025 🏆 IEEE VIS 2025 Best Paper Award!
My first first-author paper NLI4VolVis has been selected as one of only 5 Best Papers out of 537 submissions! đź“° The work was also featured by Notre Dame News.
Jul 15, 2025 Two papers accepted to IEEE VIS 2025! This marks my first first-author paper during my Ph.D.! 🎉
May 16, 2025 One paper accepted to ACL 2025 findings!
Aug 15, 2024 Excited to start my Ph.D. at the University of Notre Dame.

selected publications

  1. IEEE VIS
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    🏆 Best Paper VIS 2025 NLI4VolVis: Natural Language Interaction for Volume Visualization via LLM Multi-Agents and Editable 3D Gaussian Splatting
    Kuangshi Ai, Kaiyuan Tang, and Chaoli Wang
    In Proceedings of IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (IEEE VIS), 2025
  2. Preprint
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    SciVisAgentBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Scientific Data Analysis and Visualization Agents
    Kuangshi Ai, Haichao Miao, Kaiyuan Tang, Nathaniel Gorski, Jianxin Sun, Guoxi Liu, Helgi I. Ingolfsson, David Lenz, Hanqi Guo, Hongfeng Yu, Teja Leburu, Michael Molash, Bei Wang, Tom Peterka, Chaoli Wang, and Shusen Liu
    2026
  3. IEEE VIS
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    TexGS-VolVis: Expressive Scene Editing for Volume Visualization via Textured Gaussian Splatting
    Kaiyuan Tang, Kuangshi Ai, Jun Han, and Chaoli Wang
    In Proceedings of IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (IEEE VIS), 2025
  4. Preprint
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    SVLAT: Scientific Visualization Literacy Assessment Test
    Patrick Phuoc Do, Kaiyuan Tang, Kuangshi Ai, and Chaoli Wang
    2026
  5. VIS x GenAI Oral
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    An Evaluation-Centric Paradigm for Scientific Visualization Agents
    Kuangshi Ai, Haichao Miao, Zhimin Li, Chaoli Wang, and Shusen Liu
    In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on GenAI, Agents, and the Future of VIS (IEEE VIS), 2025
  6. ACL Findings
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    Leveraging Variation Theory in Counterfactual Data Augmentation for Optimized Active Learning
    Simret Araya Gebreegziabher, Kuangshi Ai, Zheng Zhang, Elena L. Glassman, and Toby Jia-Jun Li
    In Proceedings of Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL, 2025
  7. Preprint
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    KEO: Knowledge Extraction on OMIn via Knowledge Graphs and RAG for Safety-Critical Aviation Maintenance
    Kuangshi Ai*, Jonathan A. Karr Jr*, Meng Jiang, Nitesh V. Chawla, and Chaoli Wang
    2025